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    "id":"earthquake-101",
    

    "smil":"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/data/xml/earthquake-101.smil",

    "title":"Earthquakes 101",

    "transcript":"\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EApril 18th, 1906. California’s San Andreas fault snaps, shaking San Francisco for nearly sixty terrifying seconds. When the trembling stops, the disaster is only beginning. Gas lines rupture, setting off massive fires. SOME 700 people DIE… most of the city is reduced to ruins.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EThis trembling of the ground \u002D\u002D caused when masses of rock suddenly shift below the Earth’s surface \u002D\u002D is called an earthquake.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EHundreds of little earthquakes shake the planet every day but most pass unnoticed. They usually occur along the boundaries of the thin plates that cover the earth, like an eggshell. Driven by the heat deep within the Earth’s core, the plates grind against each other along lines called faults. When the plates’ motion is blocked, stress builds up. Finally, the fault gives way. The released energy races through the earth in the form of seismic waves.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EScientists record these waves on a device called a seismograph. These zig\u002Dzag lines show the strength of various seismic waves.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EUsing the lines, scientists grade earthquakes on the Richter Scale. For a QUAKE to measure one number higher on the Richter Scale, it must release ABOUT 30 times as much energy as the number below it.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EEvery year, about 100,000 earthquakes rumble through the ground hard enough for people to FEEL them. Of these, only about a thousand are strong enough to damage property.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EBut a powerful earthquake can be devastating. On average, about 10,000 people die each year as a result of earthquakes.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EThe greatest recorded earthquake ever to hit North America measured a massive 9.2. The tremor struck Alaska on march 28th, 1964.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EA camera on board a ship docked in Valdez recorded the draining of the entire harbor as a chasm opened up on the sea floor.\u003C/p\u003E\u003Cp class\u003D\u0022MsoNormal\u0022\u003EThere’s no stopping the surface of the Earth from changing and moving. So engineers are focusing on ways to create better buildings, highways and bridges… structures that will remain safe and stay in one piece… the next time the Earth begins to shake.\u003C/p\u003E",

    "description":"\u003Cp\u003EWhen the trembling stops, the disaster is only the beginning.\u003C/p\u003E",
    
    
    "credit":"National Geographic",
    
    

    
    
    
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    "url":"http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/environment/environment-natural-disasters/earthquakes/earthquake-101/",

    "related":
        {
        "link":
            [
                
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                 "name":"See Earthquake Photos",
                 "url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/photos/earthquake\u002Dgeneral.html"
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                ,{
                 "name":"Quiz Yourself on Natural Disasters",
                 "url":"http://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/natural\u002Ddisasters/quiz\u002Dnatural\u002Ddisasters.html"
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            ]
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    }
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